Through fish farming, our source of protein and nutrition has found new sources and possibilities. Using our ponds and fresh water, we are able to produce more food in the water and benefit from it. It has also boosted our seafood industry, making the seasonal seafood supply available at any time of the year. The aquaculture industry is growing rapidly and with it many have questioned the sustainability issues of fish farming. It is also important to manage pests and diseases effectively to increase production.

Enhancing fish habitat

Improving the natural habitat in your pond can increase the fish production and population of your fish farm. Create structures to cover and provide shelters for your young fish in case they are attacked by predators or unwanted reptiles, increasing their chances of survival and growth.

Managing Predators and water quality

Managing unwanted predators for fish farm such as birds, reptiles, unwanted carnivorous fish, wild fish, insects, and fishing by man is essential for any fish farm. Fish production can also be affected by diseases, reduction of quality feed, water quality, overcro

wded ponds, and so on. Fish farm quality can also be reduced if enough oxygen is not supplied, especially for delicate and exotic fish farming. Decomposition or fouling weed and dead animals can also harm the water quality, reduce water quality and limit the fish movement on the surface.

· Placing a swan decoy

Placing a swan decoy on your fish pond can limit geese from attacking your pond. Swans are highly territorial. Once a swan decoy is placed, gees will be discouraged to opt the pond and go to a pond with less competition. Using a swan decoy on the water surface of your fish pond will also make an attractive decoration, which is absolutely sustainable method of pest control.

· Adding limestone in the pond

Your pond can become slightly acidic through increased air pollution or effects of carbon emission. Adding limestone in the pond water can increase the availability of food and nutrients in the pond water, as well as keeping the pH balance. For best quality of pond water, a pH level of 6 to 9 is desirable for best environment and rapid growth of fish.

Tips on pond maintenance

· Regularly treat the bottom of your pond and keep it dry

· Screen the water supply to prevent organisms from entering the pond

· Clear unwanted weed form growing around your pond

· Maintain proper fencing and protection around the pond.

· Limit human poacher intrusion in the pond by using netting or bamboo around the pond

· Check for fish enemies and predators, and eliminate them as soon as spotted

· Maintain quality of water by removing any dead weed or
animals from the water

· Supply clean water and prevent chemicals or industrial waste from flowing into the pond

· Avoid overpopulation of fish in the pond

· Provide a good supply of balanced meal to the fish

· Avoid feeding decayed feed to the fish

· Look for infected fish and remove them

· Avoid chemicals and consult expert if needed for disease control

Source: WorldWide Aquaculture